Economic Theories of Adam Smith Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Theories of Adam Smith - Research Paper Example Financial Theories of Adam Smith This report will talk about various financial speculations by Adam Smith, a Scottish rationalist. Adam Smith is the author of a free-showcase private enterprise. He is likewise the dad of present day old style financial matters and a defender of free enterprise monetary approaches. His contentions against mercantilism made him the dad of current financial aspects. The Scottish scholar spent numerous years educating and distributing a portion of his talks in the â€Å"Theory of Moral Sentiments† in 1759. The material made strides and established the framework for the distribution of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† in 1776 which solidified Smith’s place ever. In any case, numerous pundits note that in his time Smith didn't ‘invent’ the thoughts he expounded on. He just advanced the thoughts that got known as traditional economy. Utilizing his work different financial experts set the speculations of old style economy which got prevailing during the hour of incredible gloom or the worldwide monetary emergency. The report will likewise contrast the current monetary framework and Smith’s and close whether he would concur with current strategies of today on the off chance that he was alive. Creation Theory From the economists’ perspective, creation basically implies the formation of products and enterprises which buyers will purchase. Organizations are the units of creation, and they convert contribution to yield through a change procedure (Kurz and Salvadori, 1995). The hypothesis of creation at that point comprises of how an organization picks and consolidates different contributions to deliver a yield at a given level in the most effective way. The supposition that will be that dynamic is finished with the perspective on expanding benefits. Creation is about making of riches which thus adds to the society’s government assistance. Assets are restricted and should be effectively used to make the most extreme conceiv able government assistance. There are various information sources or assets of the general public utilized in the creation procedure. These sources of info or assets are the elements of creation. Adam Smith distinguished three variables of creation which are land, work and capital. In the financial aspects the meaning of land alludes to all the common assets which are utilized underway. The land thought incorporates cultivating and assembling land, woodlands, streams, lakes, and mineral stores. In this manner, land doesn't mean a bit of earth. Work credits to both mental and physical endeavors utilized in the creation of products and enterprises. Work is unmistakable in that it is the administrations of work that are purchased and sold. Work is additionally novel since it is the motivation behind why monetary movement happens. The flexibly of work is estimated by the quantity of long stretches of work which is offered at a given compensation rate over a given timeframe (Kurz and Sal vadori, 1995). Capital is a man-made info and can be delegated working or flowing capital alluding to supplies of crude materials, incompletely completed products, and completed merchandise held by makers. On the other hand, it very well may be named fixed capital which comprises of all the gear utilized underway. The part of specialization is significant in the creation procedure. It alludes to the convergence of movement in those lines of creation where the organization or an individual has some characteristic or obtained advantage. Adam Smith caused to notice the significance of the work division in his book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†. He was on a very basic level worried about the division of work of a specific industry

Target Market Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Target Market Strategy - Essay Example It’s really going to be mechanized shoes or shoes in everyone’s foots. The microcomputer chips connected to these shoes or shoes can consequently gauge one’s walk-separations, tally his strides, measure his circulatory strain in foots, figure the speed of an athlete and so forth. E-Walker will draw in indoor players like badminton and tennis since it can electronically follow one's strides and outside players like cricket and football because of that it can assist players with boosting up their athletic skill through the digitized framework it has been connected with.E-Walker would offer its items to the two games and footwear providers. Sports shoes and different shoes and shoes will be planned and grown in an unexpected way, and along these lines, it will be progressively conservative for the organization to utilize diverse flexibly anchors to showcase them. Sports shoes will be provided to sports providers. Different shoes and shoes will be provided to general footwear providers. STP technique to enter the business sectors and boundary to itSegmentation system of E-WalkerAs Bygrave and Zacharakis (2010, p.170) noted, division is an organization's essential showcasing measurement for setting the key structure and is the way to promoting procedure of recognizing the correct clients of the organization also. For viable advertising, it should section its market by separating the all out market into sub-bunches like land, segment, psychographic and conduct and so on (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2001, p. 68).

Billy Bud Martial Law

Marshal Law in Billy Budd The story â€Å"Billy Budd† by Herman Melville happens in 1797 on a British navel warship. A man named Billy Budd was enrolled into the positions as a maritime mariner for the British positions. England was at war with France during the time so on the warships marshal law was utilized. Billy Budd is a youthful mariner recently selected into the positions, he is enjoyed by numerous individuals of his group. Munity on a great deal of British warships has happened and numerous officials are terrified of their team turning on them.John Claggart is the ace at arms of the boat, his main responsibility is to watch out for the group by ensuring everybody is carrying out their responsibility and making an effort not to begin a rebellion. Claggart accepts that Billy Budd is a perilous man and feels that Billy Budd is at risk to revolt. Claggart on his doubts goes to address the chief and reveals to Captain Edward Fairfax Vere about Billy Budd. Chief Vere doesn' t accept this and asks Claggart and Billy Budd to come go up against one another.Claggart starts to charge him and Billy Budd defeat with rage strikes Claggart and he falls immediately to his demise. After this the skipper is compelled to require a preliminary for the demise of Claggart. The Captain was the sole observer to the case, during the preliminary most appointed authorities just as Captain Vere realize that Billy Budd didn't intend to but since of the Marshal Law set spot Billy Bud must be executed. Commander Vere tells the appointed authorities that they should cast a ballot to execute Billy Budd to demonstrate a guide to the remainder of the crew.Billy Budd is killed by hanging. Marshal law assumes a major job is the passing of Billy Budd. Billy Budd is taken a gander at as unexpectedly slaughtering Claggart he is as yet executed for his wrongdoing. The Navy’s Marshal law was implement and expressed that murder will be murder paying little mind to goal. On the off chance that Marshal law was not implemented Billy Budd would have no doubt have been gone after for executing Claggart and would have been seen as liable yet his condemning would have been different.Billy Budd would have in all likelihood been sent to prison for various years in light of his activities however he would not have been condemned to death. In Marshal law goal doesn't make a difference while in customary law goal is increasingly significant then the activity that has accured. On the off chance that somebody by accidently slaughtered somebody driving they are not executed but instead charged for murder and could get a few years in prison. In the event that the respondent shows that it was not his deficiency they could even and they didn't mean their activities then they could be cleared of murder as well.But in Marshal law they could be trialed and executed for basically slaughtering the other. On account of Billy Budd, Marshal law had an immediate record for his executio n. In the event that there was no marshal law on the British warship he would have been saved his life. All in all Billy Budd’s passing needed to do exclusively with the sort of law imparted in the British Naval positions. On the off chance that Billy Budd would have been charged in normal court he would have been seen as blameworthy and sent to prison for two or three years. Rather Billy Budd was killed by hanging.

Teaching Abroad a Guest Blog Post by Elizabeth Q. 14

Teaching Abroad a Guest Blog Post by Elizabeth Q. ‘14 Ciao! Mi chiamo Elizabeth, e sono una amica di Anna. (Hello! I’m Elizabeth ‘14, one of Anna’s many friends). I’m here to talk about teaching at MIT â€" and specifically, you teaching at MIT. What? There are many things to love about the MIT student community, and one of them is that we are all teachers â€" whether it’s working and learning together in the Unified lounge (my home-away-from-French House), spontaneous upperclassmen tutoring services (see #2 in that post â€" yes, I’m that Elizabeth), or any of the many other (see #17) ways to teach,* you are most definitely coming to MIT to teach as much as you are to learn. *If you are anything like me you now have 8 more tabs to MIT Admissions blog posts open in your browser of choice :] CPW just happened at MIT, which for all involved means food, fun, craziness â€" and name tags! Here are the two that were plastered on me this past Friday: The AeroAstro one is from the Academic Midway. I got to talk to many an excited Course 16 pre-frosh â€" and also many an undecided one, especially between Course 2 and Course 16. Course 16 is 8x better. The red one is from French House dinner â€" all LMFers had a custom nametag made by Abby ’17 in which we suggested conversation topics ranging from 3D printing to music groups at MIT to yes, teaching abroad.   As my name tag suggests, ask me about teaching abroad! Here are some Qs paired with some As, but please feel free to contact me at [emailprotected] if you would like more As for more Qs. How will teaching at MIT help me learn to speak Italian?? Good question! As part of the MISTI Global Teaching Labs (GTL) Initiative, I spent three weeks this past IAP teaching at a liceo scientifico in Mantova, Italy, which is a beautiful city with a lot of history. There is no language requirement for this program, and I landed in Milan’s Linate airport on January 7 knowing exactly two words in Italian: Ciao and Arrivederci. Thanks to the GTL programs, which place MIT students in host families, I emerged from Italia three weeks later able to ask “Dove è il bagno?”, read books written for three-year-olds, and conjugate all the important verbs* and regular verbs in the present and perfect tenses. I’d call that progress, wouldn’t you?*pro tip for western languages: if you know the equivalents of to be, to have, must, can, want, could, would, will, may, and to go, you are probably all set for most of life. What if I’m not interested in learning Italian? MISTI has international teaching programs in several other countries, and more seem to be starting up each year. The summer after my freshman year I went to Germany for two months as part of the GTL Germany program. International teaching opportunities also exist in China, Korea, Mexico, Israel, and Spain â€" and none of these have language requirements. So what did you teach when you were in Italy and Germany? Physics! In Italy I taught a unit on waves and interference to fourth-year students, and a unit on reference frames to third-year students, amounting to ~20 hrs/wk of teaching. In Germany I taught special seminars on Special Relativity, Gyroscopes, and the Physics of Flight â€" amounting to ~10 hrs/wk of teaching. Wait, are you a physics major? No. Typically, MIT students in these programs are teaching basic science (physics, chem, bio) and math (calculus, stats, algebra, trig) at a high-school level. Once you’ve taken your GIRs, you’ll know all the material you’ll be teaching, and plenty of students teach subjects unrelated or only marginally related to their declared major. I don’t know if I’m interested in teaching. I encourage you to think about trying one of the Global Teaching Labs anyway. Sure, teaching is a lot of work and will involve a lot of time for preparing lessons, but it’s no more work than you’ll be putting into your classes during term. Any of the GTLs is a great way to explore teaching â€" you get to try teaching very intensely for a relatively short period of time, while learning about a different education system and a new language and culture. Some people try teaching and realize they love it â€" and that could be you. Post Tagged #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #GTL (Global Teaching Labs)

Uniting Body and Soul In Yeats Among School Children - Literature Essay Samples

In William Butler Yeats Among School Children, the speaker addresses his anxieties about aging. Manipulating traditional rhyme schemes, Yeats articulates the impermanence of youth to examine the need to unify the body and the soul. Although the poem is an Ottava Rima, Yeats incorporates enjambments to illustrate the continual state of meditative wonder throughout the work. Yeats also varies the complexity of each foot as it coincides with subjects perceptions of youth.The first two lines of the poem foreshadow the speakers discomfort with his diminished youth. As he walks through the long schoolroom questioning to which a kind old nun in a white hood replies (lines 1-2), the less fluid use of spondaic and pyrrhic feet by the aged couple juxtaposes the youthful nursery-rhyme structure that describes the children. In strictly iambic pentameter and end-stopped lines, the nun recites the traditional education of the children to cipher and sing,/ To study reading-books and history,/ To cut and sew, be neat in everything (lines 3-5). Line 6, however, interrupts the sing-song structure with an enjambment as the gaze shifts from the children to the speaker: the childrens eyes/ In momentary wonder stare upon/ A sixty-year-old smiling public man (lines 6-8). The caesuras that occur in lines 6 and 7 further emphasize the shift in perception and examination of youth. Becoming the object of a youthful gaze further heightens the speakers awareness of the impermanence of youth.The speaker adopts the childrens youthful state of wonder as he reflects on his idealized image of Maude Gonne (lines 7 and 9). His return to a more simplistic use of iambic pentameter with only slight variations of spondaic and pyrrhic feet echoes the childhood qualities of lines 3-5 in his romanticized depiction of Maude Gonne. In his description of her, he alludes to characters Leda and Helen of Troy in Greek Mythology to fully capture the gloriousness of her essence. The speaker seeks to unite his aged-reflection and his youthful sympathy of love into the yolk and white of the one shell (lines 14-16).In the third stanza, the speaker returns his gaze to the school children to compare them to a youthful Maude Gonne. Remaining in a state of wonder, the speaker attempts to imagine a time before Maude Gonne had become so captivating For even daughters of the swan can share/ Something of every paddlers heritage (lines 20-21). It is evident by the similar sing-song pattern that a youthful transformation occurs not only in his image of Maude Gonne but also in himself as he explains: And thereupon my heart is driven wild:/ She stands before me as a living child (lines 23-24).As the youthful image of Maude Gonne fades and her present image floats into the mind (line 25), the speaker returns to his prior perceptions of an aged man. The speaker describes the appearance of aging by the hollow of cheek and the mess of shadows that are now Maude Gonne and his earlier days of p retty plumage (lines 27-30). Although the persona advises it is Better to smile on all that smile, and show/ There is a comfortable kind of old scarecrow (lines 31-32), the accelerated use of spondaic and pyrrhic feet reveals his anxiousness and discomfort with his aging image.Discontent with the impermanence of beauty as a result of aging, the speaker turns to the nature of motherhood and creation. He speculates the value of beauty for the mother during memories of pre-birth and asks is the sight of an aged son A compensation for the pang of his birth, or the uncertainty of his setting forth? (lines 39-40).The persona continues this line of questioning in the sixth stanza when he addresses the philosophical teachings of Plato, Aristotle, and Pythagoras. Using a childlike diction in words such as spume, play, taws, fiddle-stick, the speaker reduces three centuries of scholars and their theories of the physical world to old clothes upon old sticks to scare a bird (lines 41-48).Con sistent with his speculation in the fifth and sixth stanza, the speaker focuses on the images worshipped by nuns and mothers. He criticizes these images as false replicas that animate a mothers reveries (line 51). Unwilling to depict the natural aging body but keep a marble or a bronze repose (line 52), the speaker concludes that these figures are self-born mockers of mans enterprise (line 56).The tone of the poem makes a drastic change in the final stanza. The focus deters from the anxieties of the impermanence of beauty and youth to the interlocutory, inseparable components that create the essence of being. The last lines of the poem represent the speakers revelation: O body swayed to music, O brightening glance,/ How can we know the dancer from the dance? (lines 63-64). Referencing his earlier allusion to Platos parable, the speaker seeks to blend the beauty, wisdom, and spirituality of the self into the yolk and white of the one shell (lines 56-60 and 16).Upon examining the poem, the first seven stanzas suggest the speakers discontent with aging and fading beauty. Yeats allows his audience to peer into the consciousness of the speaker as he shifts between perceptions and levels of certainty. While these stanzas seem to desperately cling to an idealized youth, his final revelation seeks not only to find resolution in his aging but also to unify the body (physical) and the soul (emotional/mental).

U.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay - 1162 Words

The current U.S. Federal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal standard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activities play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals; however, wages were raised during an economic downturn so the impact of minimum wage was masked by other activities. Federal Minimum Wage is pressing topic and it is important to consider the pros and cons to raising it, to ask what people and how people are affected, and to look further into the microeconomic theoretical framework of wages surrounding the topic. An argument on the pro raising the minimum wage side is by raising the pay for low income household employees, they will be able to spend more. This situation helps the individual household because it is now able to buy more necessities and or wants. The market is also benefitted because more spending is occurring which increases the overall market activity. - An interesting pro to the impact of raising the minimum wage is that, yes, some employers might be tempted to cut employees with the higher wages requirements, but some might take it as an opportunity to increase productivity and efficiency of the business. BothShow MoreRelatedU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. Congress passed the federal minimum wage law in 1938 as part of their Fair Labor Standards Act. Federal minimum wages were intended to ensure fair wages were paid to an alarming amount of women and youths employed and paid substandard wages. This also seems to be the case today, where countless Americans who work full time, cannot make ends meet by making minimum wage. Evidence shows that raising the minimum wage would drive consumer spending, thus producing faster macroeconomic growth. WageRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage, A Speech Outline Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesRaising the minimum wage Introduction I. Attention Getter: Per capita, Idaho is ranked number one in the nation – Number one, when it comes to paying workers as little as possible. II. Topic Orientation: The U.S. Bureau of Labor estimates that 31,000 or 7.7 percent of all Idaho’s workers are paid the current national minimum wage of $7.25 an hour or less. (Maben) A. Idaho has the highest percentage of minimum-wage workers per capita of any state. (Maben) B. The overall povertyRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1180 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted to come to conclusions that the federal minimum wage is excessively low. The government can stand to help people gain more money, resulting in a less poverty-stricken country. The cost of living or gaining has increased significantly over the past twenty years, and the minimum wage, for most isn t enough for them to support themselves. There have been efforts to increase the federal minimum wage, but none has succeeded in getting approved. Minimum wages are too low for a human, to provideRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Policy During The United States1714 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease the federal minimum wage. Headlines throughout the country highlight recent minimum wage policy changes in major cities such as Los Angeles and Seattle. Last month, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York announced an approved minimum wage increase to $15 an hour for all fast food workers in the state (McG eehan). Even the website for the White House has a separate page, â€Å"Raise the Wage,† advocating for Congress to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (Raise the Wage). The mostRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?1062 Words   |  5 Pagesever pressing question regarding Minimum wage. Not many subjects can ignite a controversy as quickly as that of whether or not minimum wage should be raised, or by how much should it be raised or if it should remain the same. What is minimum wage? By definition, minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. (â€Å"MinimumWage.com†) America’s minimum wage was first introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938. That minimum wage was introduced as part of the FairRead MoreMiimum Wage and Power to the People1746 Words   |  7 PagesThree – Power to the people The third and final alternative minimum wage is to allow the local people in the community vote on a living wage. This alternative would put all the power in the hands of the people; allowing them to decide what is best for their neighborhoods. If the people are allowed to vote in such matters, they will be permitted to use their voice and at the very least express their concerns with the gaps in minimum wage and cost of living in their community. However, there are drawbacksRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled labor and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are ma king might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising The Minimum Wage1503 Words   |  7 PagesWage War Alternatives to Raising the Minimum Wage Minimum wage is a topic of considerable controversy and a significant source of economic stratification. Essentially, the minimum wage policy is what defines the baseline income of â€Å"low level† or â€Å"starting positions.† Here in the U.S. most individuals will at some point in their life hold a minimum wage position. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 58.5% of U.S. citizens were paid at hourly rates, and about 2.6 million workersRead MoreCongress As Part Of The Fair Labor Standards Act1084 Words   |  5 PagesStandards Act (FLSA) instituted minimum wage back in 1938. The first minimum wage was at $0.25 per hour and the last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007. Over the past 65 years the minimum wage has varied considerably in inflation-adjusted buying power. It has averaged $6.60 an hour in purchasing power in 2013 dollars, but it has ranged from a low of $3.09 an hour in late 1948 to a high of $8.67 an hour in 1968. Today’s minim um wage buys somewhat more than the minimum wage has historically, althoughRead MoreA Higher Minimum Wage May Help Workers Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesLabor Standards Act established minimum wage in 1938 (Grossman). Overtime, the minimum wage has been raised in order to account for inflation (BLS 14). However, what the overall economic impact of raising the wage will be is once again a daunting and extensive question. The controversy over raising the minimum wage seems to come from often conflicting economic opinions. While raising the minimum wage is done with good intentions, critics argue that a higher minimum wage will harm those it is actually

Contrast in Composition Definition and Examples

In composition, contrast is a  rhetorical strategy and method of organization in which a writer identifies the differences between two people, places, ideas, or things. On the sentence level, one type of contrast is antithesis. In paragraphs and essays, contrast is generally considered an aspect of comparison. Words and phrases that often signal a contrast include but, however, yet, in contrast, instead, unlike, nevertheless, and on the contrary. Examples and Observations The TV also brought into my life two appealing characters named Laurel and Hardy, whom I found clever and gentle, in contrast to the Three Stooges, who were blatant and violent.(Steven Martin, Born Standing Up: A Comics Life. Scribner, 2007)Unlike most babies, Stuart could walk as soon as he was born.(E.B. White, Stuart Little. Harper, 1945)What a distressing contrast there is between the radiant intelligence of the child and the feeble mentality of the average adult.(Sigmund Freud)Books say: she did this because. Life says: she did this. Books are where things are explained to you; life is where things arent.(Julian Barnes, Flauberts Parrot: A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters. Jonathan Cape, 1984I expected a grandmother, wiping her hands on a gingham apron, to come from the kitchen. Instead I got Brenda. Young, sullen, pink uniform, bottlecaps for eyes, handling her pad the way a cop does his citation book. The menu said all breakfasts came with grits, toast, and preserves. I ordered a breakfast of two eggs over easy. Is that all you want?(William Least Heat-Moon, Blue Highways, 1982On the one hand, there is the world of the printed word with its emphasis on logic, sequence, history, exposition, objectivity, detachment, and discipline. On the other there is the world of television with its emphasis on imagery, narrative, presentness, simultaneity, intimacy, immediate gratification, and quick emotional response.(Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992You know, theres a lot of difference between a crazy quilt and a patchwork quilt. A patchwork quilt is exactly what the name implies--a quilt made of patches. A crazy quilt, on the other hand, only looks crazy. It is not patched; it is planned. A patchwork quilt would perhaps be a good metaphor for capitalism; a crazy quilt is perhaps a metaphor for socialism.(Alice Walker, interviewed by Claudia Tate. The World Has Changed: Conversations With Alice Walker, ed. by Rudolph P. Byrd. New Press, 2010There are about four times in a mans life, or a womans, too, for that matter, when unexpectedly, from out of the darkness, the blazing carbon lamp, the cosmic searchlight of Truth shines full upon them. It is how we react to those moments that forever seals our fate. One crowd simply puts on its sunglasses, lights another cigar, and heads for the nearest plush French restaurant in the jazziest section of town, sits down and orders a drink, and ignores the whole thing. While we, the Doomed, caught in the brilliant glare of illumination, see ourselves inescapably for what we are, and from that day on sulk in the weeds, hoping no one else will spot us.(Jean Shepherd, The Endless Streetcar Ride, 1966The word value, it is to be observed, has two different meanings, and sometimes expresses the utility of some particular object, and sometimes the power of purchasing other goods which the possession of that object conveys. The one may be called value in u se; the other, value in exchange. The things which have the greatest value in use have frequently little or no value in exchange; and, on the contrary, those which have the greatest value in exchange have frequently little or no value in use. Nothing is more useful than water; but it will purchase scarce anything; scarce anything can be had in exchange for it. A diamond, on the contrary, has scarce any value in use, but a very great quantity of goods may frequently be had in exchange for it.(Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776 Two Ways of Organizing Contrasts One of the major advantages of using comparison/contrast to explain ideas is that it can lend itself quite naturally to two easy-to-arrange and easy-to-follow patterns of organization. In the point-by-point method, writers address a series of characteristics or features shared by the two subjects; they compare or contrast the two subjects on one point, then move on to the next point. . . . In the subject by subject method, one subject is thoroughly discussed before the writer moves on to the second. You can see a good example of the subject-by-subject method in the essay by Mark Twain. For example, Twain first describes the beautiful and poetic Mississippi before going on to the dangerous Mississippi. (Santi V. Buscemi and Charlotte Smith, 75 Readings Plus, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2007) Point-By-Point Contrasts (Alternating Pattern) MI5 and MI6 in Britain The conflicting attitudes toward [double-agent Kim] Philby  between the sister services of British intelligence would expose a cultural fault line that predated this crisis, long outlasted it, and persist today. MI5 and MI6--the Security Service and the Secret Intelligence Service, broadly equivalent to the FBI and CIA--overlapped in many respects, but were fundamentally dissimilar in outlook. MI5 tended to recruit former police officers and soldiers, men who sometimes spoke with regional accents, and frequently did not know, or care about, the right order to use the cutlery at dinner. They enforced the law and defended the realm, caught spies and prosecuted them. MI6 was more public school and Oxbridge;  its accent more refined, its tailoring better. Its agents and officers frequently broke the laws of other countries in pursuit of secrets, and did so with a certain swagger. MI6 was Whites; MI5 was the Rotary Club. MI6 was upper-middle class (and sometimes aristocratic); MI5 was middle class (and sometimes working class). In the minute gradations of social stratification that meant so much in Britain, MI5 was below the salt, a little common, and MI6 was gentlemanly, elitist and old school tie. MI5 were hunters; MI6 were gatherers. Philbys patronising dismissal of Dick White as nondescript precisely reflected MI6s attitude to its sister service: White, as his biographer puts it, was pure trade, whereas Philby was establishment. MI5 looked up at MI6 with resentment; MI6 looked down with a small but ill-hidden sneer. The looming battle over Philby was yet another skirmish in Britains never-ending, hard-fought, and entirely ludicrous class war.  (Ben Macintyre, A Spy Among Friends. Bloomsbury, 2014) Lenin and Gladstone [Vladimir] Lenin, with whom I had a long conversation in Moscow in 1920, was, superficially, very unlike [William] Gladstone, and yet, allowing for the difference of time and place and creed, the two men had much in common. To begin with the differences: Lenin was cruel, which Gladstone was not; Lenin had no respect for tradition, whereas Gladstone had a great deal; Lenin considered all means legitimate for securing the victory of his party, whereas for Gladstone politics was a game with certain rules that must be observed. All these differences, to my mind, are to the advantage of Gladstone, and accordingly Gladstone on the whole had beneficent effects, while Lenins effects were disastrous.  (Bertrand Russell, Eminent Men I Have Known. Unpopular Essays, 1950) Subject-by-Subject Contrast (Block Pattern) Sloppy people can’t bear to part with anything. They give loving attention to every detail. When sloppy people say they’re going to tackle the surface of a desk, they really mean it. Not a paper will go unturned; not a rubber band will go unboxed. Four hours or two weeks into the excavation, the desk looks exactly the same, primarily because the sloppy person is meticulously creating new piles of papers with new headings and scrupulously stopping to read all the old book catalogs before he throws them away. A neat person would just bulldoze the desk.Neat people are bums and clods at heart. They have cavalier attitudes toward possessions, including family heirlooms. Everything is just another dust-catcher to them. If anything collects dust, it’s got to go and that’s that. Neat people will toy with the idea of throwing the children out of the house just to cut down on the clutter.Neat people don’t care about process. They like results. What they want to do is get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and watch the rasslin’ on TV. Neat people operate on two unvarying principles: Never handle any item twice, and throw everything away. (Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People. Show and Tell. Morning Owl Press, 1983)